Chè-iâm kang-gia̍p [製鹽工業]
(Soà-chiap chêng-hō)
Chit khoán gân-iâm ū ê chin chheng-khì, chhin-chhiūⁿ Tek-kok só͘ chhut ê gân-iâm, chū án-ni m̄-bián koh cheng-chè chiū oē chia̍h, ēng tit, koh-chài Stassfurt toē-hng ê gân-iâm ê khòng-chhn̂g ū 1200 kàu 3000 chhioh hiah kāu, só͘-í thang kóng kui soaⁿ to sī iâm.
Ū lâng kiám-chhái beh siūⁿ kóng tī lio̍k-toē ná ē ū iâm hiah choē tī-teh? Chiàu hiān-kim ê ha̍k-chiá gián-kiù, gân-iâm iû-goân sī hái-chuí chiām-chiām kāu lâi kiat-chiâⁿ ê, āu-lâi hit-ê toē-hng siū-tio̍h toē-sè ê piàn-chhian, hō͘ thô͘-chio̍h khàm-khì. Chiàu gân-iâm lâi khoàⁿ(誤植hhoàⁿ), tē-it ē-kha chân sī iâm-hoà ka-lí (鹽化加里). Tiong-chân sī iâm......鹽化曹達). Téng-bīn chân sī iâm-hoà khó͘-thô͘......(鹽化苦土) che án-ni tú-tú sī chiong hái-chuí kā i cheng-hoat (chú) hō͘ i ti̍t-ti̍t kāu, chiū chiàu téng-bīn gân-iâm ê khoán-si̍t tuì iâm-hoà ka-lī, āu-lâi iâm, tē-it lō͘-bé chiah iâm-hoà khó͘-thô͘ ê sūn-sū ti̍t-ti̍t sek-chhut chē-té (析出沈澱). Só͘-í chit ê ha̍k-soat hiān-kim ê lâng lóng án-ni sìn. iâm koh chi̍t khoán sī tuì kiâm-chuí lâi tit-tio̍h, kiâm-chuí iā ū kuí-nā khoán.
1. Kiâm-chuí choâⁿ (Soole) 鹽水泉.
Chit khoán sī chuí-choâⁿ lâu koè gân-iâm toē-hng, soà pìⁿ-choè kiâm-chuí choâⁿ.
2. Kiâm-chuí ô͘ (鹽水湖).
Chit khoán sī chhin-chhiūⁿ Bí-kok hit ê iâm-ô͘ (Solt lake) ê khoán, Ô͘(誤植O͘) chuí sī kiâm ê.
3. Hái-chuí.
Chit hāng lán ta̍k-lâng to chai, chóng-sī chit ê hái-chuí só͘ ū ê iâm tāi-lio̍k ū loā-choē? káⁿ khah chió lâng chai, hái-chuí chiàm toē-kiû bīn-chek ê 3 hūn ê 2 hūn, nā chiong i ê chuí kā i oāⁿ sǹg choè iâm, chha-put-to oá 45400 ek tun (1 tun= oá 1700 un), án-ni si̍t-chāi sī chin choē, nā chiong chiah ê iâm chek chhin-chhiūⁿ Au-lô-pa-chiu hiah khoah, iā oē thia̍p kàu 4, 5 miles koâiⁿ.
Cháiⁿ-iūⁿ hái-chuí ū hiah choē iâm tī-teh? Sī in-uī lio̍k-toē ta̍k-khoán ê chuí lâu ji̍p hái ê sî, ū chiong lio̍k-toē só͘ ū ê iâm, choē-choē chió-chió iûⁿ khì, iā lâu ji̍p hái, hái-chuí hō͘ ji̍t pha̍k, kan-ta chuí-hun khí-lâi nā-tiāⁿ, chit ê chuí-hun koh pìⁿ hō͘, lo̍h, ak tī lio̍k-toē, koh lâu ji̍p hái, chhin-chhiūⁿ án-ni, sui-jiân bān-bān, iáu-kú hái-chuí kî-si̍t nā bô sêng-bu̍t teh kā i the̍h iâm khí-lâi, oē chiām-chiām kiâm, kàu āu-lâi oē chhin-chhiūⁿ Iû-thài kok hit ê Sí-hái siuⁿ kiâm, hî kàu hia boē oa̍h, lóng kiâm sí, só͘-í chiah hō-choè Sí-hái. Chè-iâm hoat: Chiàu téng-bīn só͘ kóng, iā-sī gân-iâm khah hó ê, chū án-ni tī soaⁿ-ni̍h, ku̍t chhut-lâi ê chiū oē chia̍h, ēng tit, nā-sī khah bô chheng-khì ê, chiah ēng chheng-chuí kā i iûⁿ, chiah ēng jîn-kang tek kā i cheng-chè. Nā beh tuì it-poaⁿ kiâm-chuí lâi chè-iâm, ū choē-choē khoán ê hoat-tō͘, ū só͘-chāi sī lī-iōng thian-jiân ê khì-hāu, chhin-chhiūⁿ lán Tâi-oân lâm-pō͘ Pò͘-tē-chhuì, á-sī An-pêng toē-hng, joa̍h-thiⁿ, khah bô lo̍h kú-tn̂g hō͘, koh ji̍t chin iām ê só͘-chāi, ēng hái-chuí kā i ín-ji̍p iâm-chhân, tuì chá-khí pha̍k kàu ē-po͘ chiū beh hō͘ i pìⁿ-choè iâm.
iā ū chi̍t-khoán, sī chi̍t-poàⁿ oá-khò thian-jiân khì-hāu, chi̍t-poàⁿ sī oá-khò jîn-kang tek ka-jia̍t-hoat, chhin-chhiūⁿ Ji̍t-pún lāi-toē, á-sī Koan-tang-chiu toē-hng, hia sī ēng hái-chuí ín ji̍p iâm-chhân, hō͘ ji̍t pha̍k, kàu chám-jiân kāu ê sî, chiah chiong iâm-chhân ê soa (hia ê iâm-chhân kap lán Tâi-oân ê bô saⁿ-tâng, téng-bīn iâm ū soa) chū-chi̍p khǹg tī tek-pín-á ê téng-bīn, ēng hái-chuí kā i soé, tiâu tī soa-lia̍p ê iâm-hun, hiah ê chuí lâu ji̍p tiáⁿ, chiah ēng hé kā i cheng-hoat, āu-lâi chiah tit-tio̍h iâm.
Chóng-sī ū só͘-chāi bô iâm-ji̍t, m̄-kú ū ta-hong put-sî teh chhe ê só͘-chāi, chhin-chhiūⁿ tī Tek-kok ū ēng ki-tiâu kà-hoat (Gradation) 架枝條法, chiū-sī ēng tek, á-sī tah kè, koâiⁿ oá 3 tn̄g-poàⁿ chì 2 tn̄g, téng-bīn ū chi̍t ê toā-tháng, té hái-chuí, ûn-á hō͘ chuí lâu lo̍h hit ê kè ê huîⁿ-kuiⁿ, hit tiong-kan, ta ê hong chhe-lâi, pang-chān hái-chuí cheng-hoat, án-ni kuí-nā pái, chiū hái-chuí pìⁿ khah kāu, āu-lâi chiah ēng jîn-kang ka-jia̍t-hoat kā i chè-iâm, chóng-sī chit hoat tio̍h ū ta-hong, koh bô hong-thai ê só͘-chāi chiah oē ēng-tit, lán Tâi-oân ēng chit hoat sī bô ha̍h.
iā ū só͘-chāi sī lī-iōng chin koâⁿ teh chè-iâm, Chhin-chhiūⁿ tī Green land koâⁿ-thiⁿ sî, chuí lóng kian-peng, tī hia nā chiong kiâm-chuí kā i ín-ji̍p chi̍t ê só͘-chāi, koâⁿ nā kàu, tuì hiah ê chuí-hun seng kian-peng, lâng chiah chiong hiah ê peng the̍h hiat-ka̍k, chhin-chhiūⁿ án-ni kuí-nā-pái, chiū kiâm-chuí ê iâm-hun ná choē, āu-lâi chiah ēng jîn-kang ka-jia̍t-hoat kā i chè-iâm, í-siōng só͘ kóng sī lī-iōng thian-jiân khì-hāu, á-sī thian-jiân khì-hāu kap jîn-kang ka-jia̍t-hoat pēng-iōng ê chè-iâm-hoat. iā ū te̍k-pia̍t ê só͘-chāi choân-jiân boē thang lī-iōng thian-jiân, ko͘-put-chiong tio̍h choan-choan ēng jîn-kang tek chè-iâm, chhin-chhiūⁿ Tiong-kok Sù-chhoan-séng, tī hia bô ke̍k-joa̍h, iā bô chin ta ê hong, iā bô ke̍k koâⁿ ê khì-hāu ê só͘-chāi, ko͘-put-chiong tio̍h ēng jîn-kang chē-iâm, sui-jiân sī án-ni tī Sù-chhoan-séng hiah-ni̍h lāi-toē, kau-thong put-piān ê só͘-chāi, (tuī Siōng-hái chē chûn tuì Iông-chú-kang ji̍p-khì tio̍h káng ge̍h-ji̍t ê chuí-lō͘) tī hia ê iâm pí tī Siōng-hái hiah ni̍h lī-piān ê só͘-chāi khah sio̍k; in-uī tī hia Siōng-tè ū siúⁿ-sù in ū kiâm ê chuí-choâⁿ, iā ū toē-ē oá-su, in chiong chit-ê thian-jiân oá-su khan lâi tiám hé, kap chú kiâm-chuí hō͘ i pìⁿ-choè iâm, put-chí hó-sè, put-chí lī-piān koh keng-chè. Taⁿ í-siōng ta̍uh-ta̍uh kóng-khí jîn-kang tek ka-jia̍t chè-iâm-hoat, tàu-tí hiān-kim sī ēng sím-mi̍h ki-khì?
Tī khah sió ê kang-tiûⁿ, á-sī tī khì-hâi kang-gia̍p khah bô hoat-ta̍t ê só͘-chāi, chhin-chhiūⁿ tī Tiong-kok Sù-chhoan-séng ê toē-hng, sī iáu-kú teh ēng hit-khoán chhián-chhián ê khoah-chhuì-tiáⁿ. Tī Eng-kok á-sī Tek-kok sī ēng tī chè-thn̂g kang-tiûⁿ teh ēng hit-khoán chin-khong cheng-hoat-koàn (真空蒸發罐), chit-khoán ki-khì ê ēng-hoat, goá tī chêng chè-thn̂g hoà-ha̍k kang-gia̍p hit-chām í-keng ū soat-bêng lah, só͘-í chia bô ài koh téng kóng. Koh chit khoán chiū-sī hiān-sî tī Bí-kok teh siông(誤植sióng)-iōng hit-khoán Kanausaha (加拿華) sek ê ki-khì, chit-ê ki-khì put-chí hó ēng, chit-tia̍p goá beh chiong chit-khoán ki-khì ê kò͘(誤植ko͘)-chō kap ēng-hoat tāi-lio̍k soat-bêng.
Tāi-seng ēng kiâm-chuí koè lāu, āu-lâi lâu-ji̍p chit ê un-chuí chô (溫水槽), tī chit ê un-chuí-chô lāi ū oan-lâi oan-khì ê thih-kóng (蛇管) ū sio-chuí lâu tuì chit-ki thih-kóng kè, só͘-í tī chit ê un-chuí-chô-lāi ê kiâm-chuí siū-tio̍h jia̍t, chi̍t-pō͘-hūn oē piⁿ-choè chuí-cheng-khì pe-khì, tuì án-ni kiâm-chuí ê iâm-hun nā kāu, āu-lâi chiah chiong chit-ê kāu ê kiâm-chuí ēng chuí-lêng (pump) kā i sàng khì chit ê chuí-pêng îⁿ-tâng-hêng ê hé-tiáⁿ (水平面筒形蒸氣釜) chit-ê chha-put-to té tit 1-2 chio̍h, chit ê hé-tiáⁿ sī ēng ti̍t-hé ka-jia̍t, tiáⁿ-lāi ê kiâm-chuí nā chha-put-to kàu páu-hô-tō͘ (飽和度) hiah kāu, āu-lâi chiah chiong chiah ê iâm-chuí làu khì kiat-chiⁿ-chô (結晶槽), chit-ê kiat-chiⁿ-chô ê lāi-bīn iû-goân ū oan-lâi oan-khì ê thih-kóng, thih-kóng lāi ê cheng-khì sī tuì i pún-sin ê hé-tiáⁿ só͘ siⁿ ê, un-tō͘ iáu put-chí koân, só͘-í tuì chit ê kiat-chiⁿ-chô ê thih-kong keng-kè ê sî, tī chia ê páu-hô ê kiâm-chuí siū jia̍t, it-hoat cheng-hoat, it-hoat kāu, tia̍p-á-kú iâm chiū kiat-chiⁿ tîm-té, lâng chiah ēng pê-á, ná kā i ko͘ khí-lâi hō͘ i ta, án-ni chiū oē tit-tio̍h iâm, koh-chài tī kiat-chiⁿ-chô thih-kóng lāi ê chuí-cheng-khì gêng-kiat pìⁿ-choè sio-chuí, só͘ gêng ê sio-chuí, chiah koh khan tuì thâu-tú-á só͘ kóng hit ê un-chuí-chô ê thih-kóng kè-khì thang lī-iōng i ê tām-po̍h jia̍t, tuì án-ni khoàⁿ, che Kanausaha sek ki-khì ê te̍k-sek, sī thang kóng oân-choân ū lī-iōng tio̍h i pún-sin ê hoè-jia̍t (廢熱), chiū-sī hé-tiáⁿ só͘ siⁿ ê chuí-cheng-khì bô khang-khang pàng i khì, lī-iōng i ê jia̍t hō͘ kiâm-chuí pìⁿ-choè iâm, chuí-cheng-khì gêng-kiat pìⁿ-choè sio-chuí, chiong chit ê sio-chuí koh lī-iōng lâi hō͘ iáu-boē ji̍p hé-tiáⁿ ê kiâm-chuí khah kāu tām-po̍h, kàu lō͘-bé lâu chhut-lâi ê chuí sī kiò-choè cheng-liū-chuí (蒸溜水), hiān-sî iā put-chí hó kè, thang chò i-io̍h ê lō͘-ēng, hiān-sî Ji̍t-pún Mitaziri (三田尻) iâm chhì-giām-só͘ ū teh ēng chit-khoán ê ki-khì, khah chá 2 nî chêng, goá khì Tiông-kî si̍t-si̍p ê sî, ū khì Tiông-kî káng-goā chit-ê sió-sió ê hái-sū, chiu-uî khah bô lán Tâi-oân lí chit lí-lō͘, chóng-sī tuì hit ê hái-sū ku̍t lo̍h hái-toé, hia sī Ji̍t-pún saⁿ-ê toā thoàⁿ-khòng ê chi̍t-ê, só͘-í tī chit ê hái-sū ū toà 3000 goā-ê chit-kang, hiah-ni̍h choē lâng beh lim ê chuí, beh soé-tn̄g ê chuí, ta̍k téng-hō ê ki-koan só͘ tio̍h ēng ê chiáⁿ-chuí sī tuì tó-lo̍h lâi? Beh tuì Tiông-kî káng, ēng chûn chài chiáⁿ-chuí khì sī chin put-piān, sió hé-chûn tio̍h kiâⁿ oá 2 tiám-cheng kú, koh sī hiah choē lâng beh ēng, só͘-í chin siong-tiōng. Taⁿ in ēng káu ê toā hé-tiáⁿ, èng-iōng Kanausaha sek ê goân-lí, bo̍k-tek sī beh tuì hái-chuí chè-chō chiáⁿ-chuí, thang hō͘ 3000 goā lâng thang chia̍h ēng, sūn-soà oē thang tit-tio̍h chin-choē ê pe̍h-iâm, thiaⁿ kóng Sam-chíⁿ hoē-siā tī hia èng-iōng chit sek ê ki-khì sêng-chek put-chí hó.
iâm ê cheng-chè.
Í-siōng só͘ kóng, iâm bô lūn i ê goân-thâu sī tuì tó-lo̍h chi̍t-khoán, chè-hoat sī tó-lo̍h chit-hoat, lóng boē-bián-tit iáu-kú ū tām-po̍h-á bô chheng-khì ê mi̍h tī-teh. Nā beh tit-tio̍h koh khah chheng-khì ê iâm, tio̍h koh ke chi̍t-piàn kang, chiū-sī chiong iâm koh têng-chài iûⁿ, têng-chài cheng-hoat, têng-chài kiat-chiⁿ chiū hó.
(Boē-oân)
